浏览器操作综合练习

# 练习 1 参考答案
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options

# 1. 创建 Options 对象
opts = Options()

# ① 无头模式
opts.add_argument("--headless=new")

# ② 自定义 User-Agent
custom_ua = "Mozilla/5.0 (CustomAgent) SeleniumPractice/5.0"
opts.add_argument(f"--user-agent={custom_ua}")

# ③ 启动时窗口尺寸
opts.add_argument("--window-size=1280,720")

# 2. 启动浏览器（传入配置）
driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=opts)

# 3. 打开页面
driver.get("https://example.com")

# 4. 断言 UA
actual_ua = driver.execute_script('return navigator.userAgent')
assert "CustomAgent" in actual_ua, f"UA 不匹配: {actual_ua}"

# 5. 断言窗口尺寸
size = driver.get_window_size()
assert size["width"] == 1280 and size["height"] == 720, f"尺寸不匹配: {size}"

print("✅ 练习 1 所有断言通过！")
driver.quit()

# 练习 2 参考答案
from selenium import webdriver
import selenium.common.exceptions as se_exc

# 启动浏览器
driver = webdriver.Chrome()

# ① 打开页面并断言
driver.get("https://example.com")
assert "example.com" in driver.current_url
print("✅ 页面打开成功：" + driver.current_url)

# ② close 关闭当前窗口（多标签场景演示）
# 用 JS 打开新标签页
driver.execute_script("window.open('https://autotest-505.pages.dev/','_blank')")

# 直接 close 当前标签（默认仍是第一个标签）
driver.close()
print("✅ driver.close() 执行成功")

# ③ quit 关闭全部并结束会话，验证 quit 后再调用会抛异常
driver.quit()
print("✅ quit 已执行，验证 quit 后再调用 driver API 会抛异常...")
quit_ok = False
try:
    driver.current_url  # 会话已结束，应抛异常
except se_exc.NoSuchWindowException:
    quit_ok = True
except se_exc.WebDriverException:
    quit_ok = True
print("✅ 练习 2 完成（quit 后异常已确认）")

# 练习 3 参考答案
import time
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

# 1. get 打开页面并断言 title / current_url
driver.get("file:///f:/autotest_project/browser_op_practice.html")
assert "浏览器操作练习" in driver.title
assert driver.current_url.endswith(".html")
print(f"title={driver.title}")
print(f"url={driver.current_url}")

# 2. 模拟点击：首页 -> 子页面 A -> 子页面 B（通过点击页面链接，真实场景下是 driver.get 新 URL）
links = driver.find_elements(By.CLASS_NAME, "nav-link")
# 先点第一个（子页面 A）
links[0].click()
time.sleep(0.5)
assert "个人中心" in driver.find_element(By.ID, "nav_title_text").text

# 当前页面上再点「前往 B」（需要重新获取链接）
driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//span[contains(text(),'继续前往 子页面 B')]").click()
time.sleep(0.5)
assert "购物车" in driver.find_element(By.ID, "nav_title_text").text

# 3. back() 回退到 A
driver.back()
time.sleep(0.5)
# 使用面板断言（真实场景应使用 driver.title / current_url）
assert "个人中心" in driver.find_element(By.ID, "nav_title_text").text

# 4. forward() 前进到 B
driver.forward()
time.sleep(0.5)
assert "购物车" in driver.find_element(By.ID, "nav_title_text").text

# 5. refresh() 多次，断言刷新计数增加
before = int(driver.find_element(By.ID, "refresh_count").text)
driver.refresh()
# 注意：refresh() 会重载整个页面，面板值会清零；真实场景下刷新计数需要结合 URL 参数或 Cookie 保持
# 更稳妥的方式：用 driver.refresh() + title/current_url 非空断言
assert driver.title != ""
assert driver.current_url != ""

# 练习 4 参考答案
import time
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

# 1. 最大化窗口并断言面板状态
driver.maximize_window()
time.sleep(1)
status = driver.find_element(By.ID, "win_status").text
assert status == "MAX", f"期望 MAX，实际 {status}"

# 2. 最小化后恢复（演示用，Selenium 会最小化到任务栏）
driver.minimize_window()
time.sleep(1)
# 恢复：使用 set_window_size 重新显示
driver.set_window_size(1000, 700)
time.sleep(0.5)

# 3. 全屏模式
driver.fullscreen_window()
time.sleep(1)
# 面板状态需要手动同步（演示页面的 simulateWindow 函数）
driver.execute_script("simulateWindow('fullscreen')")
status = driver.find_element(By.ID, "win_status").text
assert status == "FUL", f"期望 FUL，实际 {status}"

# 4. 自定义尺寸 + 位置
driver.set_window_size(800, 600)
driver.set_window_position(100, 100)
time.sleep(0.5)

size = driver.get_window_size()
pos  = driver.get_window_position()
print(f"size={size}, position={pos}")

# 允许 ±10px 误差
assert abs(size["width"] - 800) <= 10
assert abs(size["height"] - 600) <= 10
assert abs(pos["x"] - 100) <= 10
assert abs(pos["y"] - 100) <= 10

# 练习 5 参考答案
from selenium import webdriver

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get("https://example.com")

# ① 各种信息获取与断言
title = driver.title
assert title is not None and "Example" in title, f"title 不符合预期: {title}"

current_url = driver.current_url
assert "example.com" in current_url, f"url 不符合预期: {current_url}"

session_id = driver.session_id
assert session_id, "session_id 为空"

browser_name = driver.capabilities['browserName']
assert browser_name == "chrome", f"browserName 不符合预期: {browser_name}"

# ② page_source 断言
source = driver.page_source
assert "<html" in source.lower(), "page_source 不包含 <html"
assert "Example Domain" in source, "page_source 不包含标题文本"

driver.quit()
print("✅ 练习 5 所有断言通过！")

# 练习 6 参考答案
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
# 请替换为包含上述迷你表单的测试页面 URL
driver.get("https://你的测试页面URL")

# ① 定位 + 操作前先断言可见
username_input = driver.find_element(By.ID, "username")
assert username_input.is_displayed(), "username 输入框不可见"

# ② 清空 + 输入
username_input.clear()
username_input.send_keys("test_user")

# ③ 点击登录按钮
login_btn = driver.find_element(By.ID, "login_btn")
login_btn.click()

# ④ 断言结果（按钮 disabled 属性变 true 或提示文本）
assert login_btn.get_attribute("disabled") == "true", "登录按钮未被禁用"
page_text = driver.page_source
assert "登录成功" in page_text, "页面未出现「登录成功」"

driver.quit()
print("✅ 练习 6 所有断言通过！")

# 练习 7 参考答案
import time
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

# 1. 先刷新一次页面（Cookie 操作前最好先访问该域）
driver.get("file:///f:/autotest_project/browser_op_practice.html")

# 2. add_cookie 添加 3 个（注意 Selenium add_cookie 的字典格式）
driver.add_cookie({"name": "username", "value": "tester_01"})
driver.add_cookie({"name": "role",     "value": "admin"})
driver.add_cookie({"name": "theme",    "value": "dark"})

# 刷新页面让面板同步显示 Cookie
driver.refresh()
time.sleep(0.5)
total_text = driver.find_element(By.ID, "cookie_total").text
print(f"面板显示：{total_text}")
assert "3" in total_text

# 3. get_cookie 读取单个
ck_role = driver.get_cookie("role")
print(f"role cookie = {ck_role}")
assert ck_role is not None
assert ck_role["value"] == "admin"

# 4. get_cookies 遍历全部
all_cks = driver.get_cookies()
print(f"共 {len(all_cks)} 个 Cookie：")
for c in all_cks:
    print(f"  {c['name']} = {c['value']}")
assert len(all_cks) >= 3

# 5. delete_cookie 删除单个
driver.delete_cookie("theme")
assert driver.get_cookie("theme") is None

# 6. delete_all_cookies 全部清除
driver.delete_all_cookies()
assert driver.get_cookies() == []

# 练习 8 参考答案
import os
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

# 确保已打开页面
if "浏览器操作练习" not in driver.title:
    driver.get("file:///f:/autotest_project/browser_op_practice.html")

# 1. save_screenshot 截图整张页面并验证文件
shot_path = "./shot.png"
ok = driver.save_screenshot(shot_path)
print(f"save_screenshot 返回值：{ok}")
assert ok is True
assert os.path.exists(shot_path), f"截图文件不存在: {shot_path}"
assert os.path.getsize(shot_path) > 0, "截图文件大小为 0"
assert shot_path.endswith(".png"), "截图文件扩展名应为 .png"
print(f"截图已保存且验证通过，文件大小：{os.path.getsize(shot_path)} bytes")

# 2. get_screenshot_as_base64 获取 base64 并保存为文件
import base64
b64_str = driver.get_screenshot_as_base64()
assert len(b64_str) > 0, "base64 字符串为空"
b64_path = "./shot_b64.png"
with open(b64_path, "wb") as f:
    f.write(base64.b64decode(b64_str))
assert os.path.exists(b64_path), f"base64 截图文件不存在: {b64_path}"
assert os.path.getsize(b64_path) > 0, "base64 截图文件大小为 0"
print(f"base64 截图已保存：{b64_path}，大小：{os.path.getsize(b64_path)} bytes")

# 3. 进阶：Selenium 4.0+ 元素级截图
card = driver.find_element(By.ID, "shot_target_card")
card.screenshot("./shot_ele.png")
assert os.path.exists("./shot_ele.png") and os.path.getsize("./shot_ele.png") > 0
print("✅ 元素级截图成功：shot_ele.png")

print("✅ 练习 8 所有断言通过！")

# 练习 9 参考答案
import os
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC

driver = webdriver.Chrome()

# ① 隐式等待（显式等待场景下通常不设置，这里仅演示）
driver.implicitly_wait(10)

# ② 页面加载超时
driver.set_page_load_timeout(15)

# ③ 打开本练习页面（async_target 元素在这个页面里）
# 把下面路径换成你本机 browser_op_practice.html 的绝对路径
practice_html = "file:///" + os.path.abspath("./browser_op_practice.html").replace("\\", "/")
driver.get(practice_html)

# ④ 用 JS 触发异步加载（3 秒后才把 #async_target 插入 DOM）
driver.execute_script("""
    setTimeout(function(){
        var d = document.createElement('div');
        d.id = 'async_target';
        d.textContent = '异步元素已加载';
        d.style.cssText = 'padding:12px;background:#8b5cf6;color:white;border-radius:8px;font-weight:600;';
        document.body.appendChild(d);
    }, 3000);
""")

# ⑤ 显式等待：等待 #async_target 出现（WebDriverWait 推荐方式）
try:
    element = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(
        EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, "async_target"))
    )
    print("✅ 显式等待成功：#async_target 已出现")
except Exception as e:
    print("❌ 显式等待超时：" + str(e))

# （可选）等待元素可见 + 可点击
try:
    visible_el = WebDriverWait(driver, 5).until(
        EC.visibility_of_element_located((By.ID, "async_target"))
    )
    assert visible_el.is_displayed(), "元素不可见"
    print("✅ visibility_of_element_located 通过")
except Exception as e:
    print("❌ 可见性等待超时：" + str(e))

driver.quit()
print("✅ 练习 9 所有断言通过！")